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Accessible PDFs
Developing and delivering accessible instructional content—meaning content that students with and without disabilities can readily engage with and use—is essential to the success of an online course. While many accessibility standards and guidelines are broadly applicable, there are also specific considerations unique to different content formats and delivery modes. In this piece, we present recommendations for enhancing the accessibility of PDFs for students.
Best Practices to Support Student Well-Being
Mental health concerns are prevalent among undergraduate and graduate students and can have deleterious consequences (Chi et al., 2023; Venable & Pietrucha, 2022). In particular, students struggling with their mental health are less likely to pass their courses and more likely to drop out of their programs of study (Lister & McFarlane, 2021). While universities often provide support systems in the form of accessibility services and counseling centers, several significant issues can lead to the underutilization of available resources among students in general and online students in particular. First, students may need to be physically present on campus in order to access support systems (Lister et al., 2023). As a result, students enrolled in online programs may be unable to use them. Additionally, students may not capitalize on available resources due to logistical challenges (e.g., scheduling), feelings of discomfort in asking for help, or concerns about stigmatization (Venable & Pietrucha, 2022).
Accessible Use of Color
Some students (older learners, learners with partial sight, learners with color blindness, and learners using monochrome or text-only displays) have difficulty perceiving color. To ensure that course content is perceivable to all learners, you should follow the color use guidelines that have been established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the organization responsible for international standards of web accessibility, including the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Three essential WCAG requirements, known as success criteria, are summarized below.
Accessibility Resources
We've curated a list of our favorite tools and websites that can help you make your course materials accessible to all learners. For an overview of our top tips that support accessibility, see the Envision piece Ten Ways to Open the Gate to Accessibility.
Spreadsheet Accessibility
Spreadsheets are used for a broad array of data-related tasks and projects across numerous disciplines. Maximizing the utility of spreadsheets as course materials requires careful attention towards their content and formatting. In this piece, we present recommendations for enhancing the clarity, consistency, and accessibility of course spreadsheets for students.
Hyperlink Dos and Don'ts
When designing a course, you want to ensure that all students can access the websites and documents that you link. Accessible hyperlinks are particularly important for students with screen readers, which read the links out loud. This piece contains best practices for writing and formatting accessible hyperlinks so that all learners can access the content that you have curated for your course.
Accessible Use of Text
Students with diverse cognitive, linguistic, and academic abilities benefit from accessible text. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) establish numerous requirements (known as success criteria) to ensure that text is perceivable, operable, and understandable to all users. This guide discusses the essential criteria related to text accessibility. Following these guidelines when creating course content, such as documents, slides, and pages in a learning management system (LMS), will help you eliminate potential barriers for your learners.
Accessibility Considerations for Students With Motor Disabilities
Online courses can offer numerous advantages to students. In order for all students to benefit from these advantages, it is essential to prioritize accessibility needs in all aspects of course design and delivery. This piece focuses on considerations and recommendations for enhancing the accessibility of online courses for students with motor impairments.
Best Practices to Support Students With Cognitive Disabilities
Cognitive disabilities are common among adults in the United States and are especially prevalent among young adults (Okoro et al., 2018). Such disabilities impact mental functions such as memory, attention, perception, and calculation, among others. As a result, students with cognitive disabilities may struggle with academic tasks generally—and online coursework specifically—in unique ways (Petretto et al., 2021; Reyes et al., 2022). Since online courses are often text-heavy, for example, students with dyslexia may find them more challenging to navigate than on-ground classes (Chen et al., 2015). Students with cognitive disabilities may also struggle with navigating inconsistent online course layouts, comprehending complicated directives, and engaging with non-essential course components. Finally, when online courses are large or impersonal, students with cognitive disabilities may have difficulty focusing on assignments and other coursework (The Best Schools, 2024).
10 Key Considerations for Online Course Development
Designing and delivering effective online courses requires careful consideration of numerous factors. As a result, it can be difficult to determine where to begin in the process, particularly for course developers and instructors who are new to online learning. This piece presents a curated list of resources aligned with 10 key considerations applicable across academic disciplines and degree programs.